Roman Numeral Converter
Convert numbers 1–3999 to Roman numerals and Roman numerals back to numbers, with the rules explained and a quick chart of common years.
Common years
- 1776 = MDCCLXXVI
- 1900 = MCM
- 1984 = MCMLXXXIV
- 1999 = MCMXCIX
- 2000 = MM
- 2010 = MMX
- 2020 = MMXX
- 2025 = MMXXV
- 2026 = MMXXVI
- 2027 = MMXXVII
- 2030 = MMXXX
- 2050 = MML
The rules
Seven letters: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000. Letters are written largest first and added. A smaller letter before a larger one is subtracted, but only in six pairs: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400) and CM (900).
No letter repeats more than three times in a row, which is why 4 is IV rather than IIII (clock faces are a traditional exception). Standard numerals stop at 3999 (MMMCMXCIX).
Years
Film credits and building dates use Roman years: 1999 = MCMXCIX, 2000 = MM, 2026 = MMXXVI.
Frequently asked questions
What is 2026 in Roman numerals?
MMXXVI.
Why is 4 written IV and not IIII?
Standard form uses subtraction to avoid four repeated letters. IIII appears on some clock faces by tradition.
Is there a Roman numeral for zero?
No. The Roman system had no zero; the largest standard numeral is 3999.